African Culture Essays (1542 words) - African Pygmies,

African Culture When trying to compare and contrast the music-culture and society of the Mbuti and that of the Venda, it becomes difficult to comment on sound when we haven't heard any Venda music. It's easy to recognize that for the Mbuti the music embodies the heart of the forest, and for the Venda the relation to nature is the act of a mother giving birth. Thinking about concept and behavior this makes the music performed by the two cultures separate and distinguishable. This is where culture and environment become important factors. How noticeable is this when listening to the music of both peoples? When given the opportunity to listen, without a trained ear, it would be difficult to find differences in the sound of the music. There are obvious differences in instrumentation between the two cultures. While the Mbuti mainly performs music with their voices, the Venda use drums, flutes, and various other instruments. There are similarities between the two groups with ?rights of passage.' The Venda girls perform the Domba, and the Mbuti girls practice and perform the Elima. Clear. Cultural distinctions can be made between the two groups concerning ?rights of passage.' When it is time for the Mbuti girls to perform the Elima, they go into a hut and are secluded from the rest of the world. The boys of the clan try to push their way into the hut to find the woman of their choice. The Venda girls performing the Domba, are out in the open and visible for the men and everyone around to see. Since the Mbuti is of the forest, and the Venda is a village-based group, there are probably many cultural traditions and practices that are very different. These differences may be difficult to distinguish with the materials available to us as Westerners. Seeing the two cultures perform live would enable a person to find differences and draw upon parallels. In both societies there is a visible comparison between the separation males and females when performing ?rights of passage.' In both cultures we see a universal participation in music as a common thread to survival, and an individuality is kept within the music as it's being performed. The Venda believes that all human beings have the capacity to be musical. Blacking solidifies this thought when stating that, The Venda may not consider the possibility of unmusical human beings, but they do recognize that some people perform better than others. (pg.46 Blacking, 1973) The same general concept may hold true with the Mbuti, the concept that we are all somehow children of the forest. The relationship that the Mbuti has with the outside villages for provisions and the treatment they receive in these villages can be viewed as a distinction. How close does the Venda come to resembling the village groups sited in Turnbulls research? Is this where most of the distinctions can be made? The Mbuti is primarily a forest dwelling group, relying on the forest for most of their subsistence. The Mbuti uses the molimo as the ir main instrument, when an elder dies, ceremonies take place using this instrument by the men. The Venda is more complex socially, and they use more instruments. Even the attitude the Mbuti has toward daily life and music seems much more relaxed and simple. Are there the same circular flow or looping patterns in the music of both cultures? Do both cultures have a downward motion in melodies? The Mbuti is very humorous with a sometimes very serious side to their humor. Does this exist at all in Venda culture? The Mbuti has a ritualistic feeding of the molimo, using fire and water to please the spirit of the instrument. Is this sort of ritual activity common at all in the Venda? The Mbuti women usually do not participate when the molimo is present, but the music seems to break down any gender barriers as it was mentioned in class that the women, know what's going on. Western practitioners of music have the luxury of a pen and notebook paper, headphones and CD players, modern instruments and studio equipment. While the cultures we are learning about have no such luxury. Nettle takes this fact a step

The Internet Essays (1724 words) - Internet Protocols, Free Essays

The Internet Essays (1724 words) - Internet Protocols, Free Essays The Internet The Internet: How it Works and How it Effects the World Many people do not understand what the Internet is the power that it has over the world. The Internet is an extraordinary learning and entertainment tool that, when used properly, can significantly enhance a user's ability to gather information. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) started the Internet. It was a project under taken by the Department Of Defense (DOD) in 1969. It started as an experiment to link together DOD and military research including Universities doing military-funded research. The reliable networking part involved dynamic rerouting. (Levine 12) If one of the computers was under enemy attack, the information could be automatically transferred to other links. Fortunately, the Net is not usually under enemy attack. The ARPANET was very successful, and every university in the country wanted to sign up. Because so many people wanted to use the Net, ARPANET started getting hard to manage, especially with many university sites on it. Therefore, it was broken into two parts: MILNET, which had all the military sites, and ARPANET, which had all the nonmilitary sites. The two networks remained connected, however, thanks to a technical scheme called IP (Internet Protocol), which enabled traffic to be routed from one net to another as needed. All the networks connected by IP in the Internet speak IP, so they can all exchange messages. (Levine 12) Even though there were only two networks at that time, IP was made to allow thousands of networks. The IP is designed so that every computer on an IP network is compatible. That means any machine can communicate with any other machine. The Internet, also called the Net, is the world's largest computer network. The Internet is the network of all networks. (Levine 7) The networks are connected to big companies like AT&T, as well as to home computers. About 1,000 networks join each month. Every computer that is attached to the Internet is called a host. Hosts can be super computers with thousands of users, regular PC's with only a couple of users, or specialized computers, like routers that connect networks together or to terminal servers that let terminals dial in and connect to other hosts. Each computer has its own host number. Being computers, the kind of numbers hosts like are 32-bit binary numbers. (Hayden 32) Here is an example of a binary number: 1011010010010100100100101000 Binary numbers are easier to remember by breaking them up into eight 4-bit groups. Then each group is translated into it's Hexadecimal equivalent. (Levine 18) So the number above would translate into this: B.49.49.28 This number is easier to use and remember. Every four digits in the binary number stands for one hexadecimal number. Below is a list of each four binary numbers and its hexadecimal equivalent. To figure out the binary number in the example into its Hex equivalent is in this way: 1011 is the first four digits of the binary number. Looking at the table, it can be determined that its hexadecimal equivalent is a B. The second set of four binary numbers is 0100. That changes into 4 and so on. The first four numbers of a host number tells you what class the network is. The chart bellow states classes and sizes: Class First Number Length of First No Max No of Hosts A 1-126 1 16,387,064 B 128-191 2 64,516 C 192-223 3 254 Big companies like IBM and Apple usually have class A networks. For example, IBM has network 9, and AT&T has network 12, so a host number 9.12.34.56 would be at IBM, and 12.98.76.54 would be at AT&T. (Levine 19) Medium sized companies and universities have class B networks. Rutgers University has network 128.6 and Goldman Sachs has network 138.8 (Levine 19) Small organizations use class C networks. Network 192.65.175, for example, is used by a single IBM research lab. To make it easier the Internet uses names, not numbers. For example, the machine we have heretofore referred to as 140.186.81.1 is named chico. (Levine 21) When ARPANET first came out, they had simple names; the machine at Harvard was called HARVARD. But since there are millions of names on the Net they had trouble coming up with different names. To avoid this problem they created the Domain Name System (DNS). Host names are strings of words separated with dots. For example,

The role of using first language (L1) and translation in young Essay

The role of using first language (L1) and translation in young learners classes - Essay Example Majority of teachers, counting up to 72% of them opined that bilingual education should be started at the elementary school level. One of the opinions in relation with this research question reads â€Å"I think young learners are able to learn more than one language at the same time faster than adults, therefore teaching English should be started in the elementary school and even before†. On contrary, 27% of the respondents were of the opinion that Bilingual education should begin at the middle-school level rather than the elementary-school level. A statement in support of this opinion as made by one of the participant teacher reads â€Å"If the learners of the second language started learning it in very early age they will forget their first language (Arabic)†. The response from 81 % of the respondents suggested they were in support of English as the only language to be should be spoken in the class. One of the citable arguments made by one of the teachers in favor of this argument states; â€Å"Only English should be used in EFL classes for the sake of the students, nowadays English is becoming a very important language in all aspects of our lives like to find a good job, to communicate with others and even in the schools and universities everything is going to be in English†. 18% of the teachers were in opposition to the lone usage of English in classes. They pointed out several drawbacks on only using English in the classes. One of the teachers opines â€Å"â€Å"We don’t need to learn or speak English; we speak Arabic all the time (home, school, with friends and family) so learning English should not be our main concern†. As far as the opinion on the need of translation was concerned, 72% of the total sample population were not in favor of students being encouraged to translate back and forth from the TL to Native Language, and vice versa. One of the respondents in favor of this argument states â€Å"Translation

Add Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Add - Research Paper Example This article gives most of the details outlined above, such as the fact that it appears a Saudi airline truly did serve donkey meat, and is useful because it is one of the most reputable news organizations to report on the findings. It points out that Saudi airlines has mostly Muslim customers, who would be especially upset about the donkey meat. Saudi airlines constitutes a three start airline because it meets satisfactory standards in every category of airline care, including food. This means that the expectation level of a passenger on this airline should be fairly high, because they are paying for an airline that is supposed to deliver consistently good qualities of service in every area. Donkeys are considered Haram animals (forbidden animals) to be eaten because of their having cloven hooves. This means that it would be against religious practice for many Muslims to eat Donkey, even accidentally, and could be very troubling to a Muslim who

The role of media. Is there a significant difference between America Research Paper

The role of media. Is there a significant difference between America media portrayal of the world, and that of Canada What are - Research Paper Example Moreover, the spectators are placed to react negatively to the American soft gun laws which have necessarily lead to many deaths. The audience is intentionally led by Michael Moore by a deeply informative and emotional journey, distinctly spotlighting the frightening fact, that the gun culture in United States is grounded upon racism and feari. The documentary can be said to have covered variety of factors that have contributed to increased deaths within the United States due to gun violence. By making use of film techniques like juxtaposition, montage and satire, in an outstandingly powerful way, the viewers are invited by Moore to respond on the attitudes and values about human depravity and frailty as well as to inquire if the guns laws in the United States need more alterations. Moore talks about the views of different countries on violent history, poverty as well as on the breakup of the families. In the United States, the news programs telecasted on the television attempt to en grain terror into the hearts of the individuals. The news concentrate on death and violence, as mentioned by a news reporter who mentioned that he would prefer to cover a gun shooting incident before moving towards a drowning child. However, in the Canada, the news is more focused toward the incidents taking place within towns. The Canadian reporters don’t attempt to instill fear within the hearts and minds of their viewersii. The residents of United States charge for the violence faced by the country on their violent past quoting the examples of Indians and the Cowboys. However the other nations that have less violence in these days have gone through a much more violent past as experienced by the American citizens. For instance around a million people were exterminated by the Germans, The occupation of China by the Japanese, The Massacre in Algiers by France and the British butchery in the Subcontinent. The violent attitude of the American nation has been pasteurized by Moor e in a way that provides both moods of sorrowfulness as well as hilarious and hence could be referred as a two-hour anecdoteiii. The American residents reside in a country where millions of handguns are available to general public. But the acquirement of these handguns by citizens is not the issue covered in the documentary instead the most often incidents of intended shooting incidents is the main problem highlighted in the movie. Moore's considerateness doesn't suppress the stunning set-pieces that have been devised to describe his main concern. Among various explanations provided by Michael Moore in the documentary for the increased deaths due to gun violence within the United States is the culture developed within the United States of intolerance. This intolerance and increased fear has been instilled within the hearts and minds of general public through the television media that focuses more on violence. The American nation has thus become more afraid, more chaotic and more upt ight than the other nations of the world. These incidents of deaths due to gun violence in the United States result from the circumstances of chaos, fear and mere stupidity. Amongst the developed nations, no other country experiences such an increased rate of deaths due to gun violence as are experienced by the United States on annual basis although the number of guns is similar in

Dealing With Unpleasant Situations Philosophy Essay

Dealing With Unpleasant Situations Philosophy Essay In life we always get our ups and downs. Everyone gets through these life experiences differently according to his character and the way things are approached. Both pleasant experiences and even those less pleasing ones will have an impact on life. Social, financial, psychological and emotional aspects affect the way problems are dealt with. Moreover, handling an unpleasant situation largely depends on character and support given by family and friends. A bad experience in a persons life causes mental stress which may result in making fast decisions reflecting their bad consequences later on. In my life education is very fundamental. I used to achieve high satisfactory grades during my secondary education. As a quite promising student, I used to aim high, aiming of someday becoming a Doctor. Enrolling to a matriculation course soon showed me that that was not an easy task to achieve and a lot of perseverance, much more than I used to have, was necessary. My subjects were not the easiest of all and lack of commitment started to have bad academic results. My far-fetched aims demolished and this led me to give much more importance to work and earn some money. I did not manage to attain the requirements to enrol in a University course and reasoned out to give another chance to myself and spend another year studying the failed subjects. Having changed school was already a drawback. To complicate things even worse, I was stolen and attacked by five persons on my way to work the day after Christmas of last year. Having my face bruised and retina commotion I was a bit afraid of g oing out alone and became paranoid that someone could be watching me. This experience in my life influenced me a lot, especially mentally where I always felt the need of having revenge, however I was persuaded that justice will do its job. For sure the New Year was not one of the best but with the help of my family and my girlfriend I was trying to get over this awful experience and start a new chapter. Going back to school was very hard for me and questioning by people suppressed me from attending regularly. In order to start looking at the optimistic side of life, I gave way to my dream of getting the driving licence and buying my own car with my brother helping me financial wise. Following a rough time I was finally going to achieve something which in my mind was going to give me my dignity back. Pursuing a materialistic dream was far too easily achievable opposing the academic one which I repeatedly was unsuccessful in. However, this time academic failure did not struck me that much since my car on its own made me feel successful in some other way. In order to completely own my success, I had to pay the debt incurred and felt the need of working more. I was working for something I already was enjoying, therefore this made me to fall more in love with my car, to the extent that I decided not to take exam re-sits in order to be able to work enough to pay it off through the summer. I used to enjoy each and every of my rides and I will always remember those great experiences I went through with it. As the end of summer was approaching and I was accepted for this course I started to admit the fact that the course on which I was going to embark too did not meet my previous expectations and desires. However, each time this thought stroke my mind, I used to console myself by my car which justified everything. Then the worse that could ever happen, just before school commencement, on the 2nd October, I had a car accident on my way to work where my car was almost totalled due to a careless driver who steered on me while I was overtaking him, pushing me off the road into a gate. In a split of a second I was in despair, losing the most important thing at that moment which gave me some sort of status. I lost courage, motivation and will-power up to the extent where I was not going to register in the course any longer. Nevertheless, at the beginning I started to attend to every lesson but I had so much hassle going on regarding the accident and trouble with the insurance agencies that I could not concentrate. In addition, lack of perseverance together with the fact that the course was not all that interesting at the beginning especially for a student who has an A level background, I missed on some lectures. Time healed my sorrowful feelings and I plucked up some courage with the help of my pers onal lawyer who is currently pursuing my case and struggling for a refund from the insurance company of the money lost in the accident. With reassurance of having some percent of right, I could now rest my thoughts and integrate back into the school attitude until here I am today writing this reflective diary analyzing improvements in my character arising from the experiences lived. In the psychological world, hiding from reality and escaping the harsh truths of life is most commonly known as negation. Killing your future due to the present or even worse due to the past is not a solution. I have learned that one has to find those people who you can count on and support you during hard times while keep holding on the future. Forgiveness Looking back at the experiences I went through last year, I learnt fundamental values that are important in life in order to keep looking at the bright side of life. Following the incident where I was beaten up, I have nowadays learnt to forgive; a psychological meaning of forgiveness is the refusal to hurt back the one who hurt you. My unfortunate event led to slight post traumatic stress disorders as I started to consider myself as a victim in every situation. My mind could not set at rest due to having recurrent memories of the event, recurrent nightmares and flashbacks in which I re-lived the distressing experience. I had feeling of extreme guilt and vengeance, withdrew from friends and lost interest in activities I enjoyed and education. At the end of the day, the Court of Justice left me without my mobile phone and a bruised face with no compensation, therefore I felt that no justice had been made with my case. From this happening onwards, my point of view to the local justice has degraded significantly. However, with the help of my family I realised that holding on to bitterness and anger towards those who hurt me, including justice itself , could only make things worse and seeking revenge only depletes strength and prevent emotional wounds from healing. One has to grasp back to his normal life and adopt for any unplanned changes. Therefore, trying to annihilate the traumatic memories and reaching an end for the past, I returned to my habitual, perpetual dreamer way of life. Ambition and Materialism Ambition and materialism form a considerable feature of my character. Ambition is closely related to motivation. It relates to many things such as desire to: attain success in life, achieve personal or professional advancement, achieve fame, power, money, social status, position, or achieve the fruits of an activity. In 1943, Abraham Maslow presented the theory of Hierarchy of Needs distinguishing between physiological, safety, social and esteem needs. In Maslows theory ambition could be included under esteem needs as a desire for increased self-esteem and achievement. Others define ambition as an earnest desire for some type of achievement or distinction and the willingness to strive for its attainment. Materialism is the attitude that physical well-being and worldly belongings constitute the utmost good and highest value in life. A materialistic person is therefore a person who is markedly more concerned with worldly concerns such as money and possessions rather than spiritual, intellectual or cultural values. My materialistic characteristics mainly depend on financial success and social recognition. As a car enthusiast, my ambition to have a sporty car which made me believe to stand out from the crowd fulfilled my materialistic desire which at the same time made me feel better and forget the previous negative experience. However, we can sometimes believe that pursuing material possessions will gain us status and admiration while also improving our social relationships. This was in fact my mistake since I did not consider my car only as a means of transport but also my passion which revolved all my life around it. My priorities were messed up as I started to loose off from other things such as education while gave more importance on work in order to fully own my success. The status the car gave me neutralised between the sense of superiority attained and inferiority arising from my failures. The car was my comfort and became very sentimental as I dedicated a lot of importance towards it. Van Boven has spent a decade studying the social costs and benefits of pursuing happiness through the acquisition of life experiences such as traveling and going to concerts versus the purchase of material possessions like fancy cars and jewelry. We have found that material possessions dont provide as much enduring happiness as the pursuit of life experiences, Van Boven said. The take home message in his most recent study, which appears in this months edition of the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, is that not only will investing in material possessions make us less happy than investing in life experiences, but that it often makes us less popular among our peers as well. The mistake we can sometimes make is believing that pursuing material possessions will gain us status and admiration while also improving our social relationships, Van Boven said. In fact, it seems to have exactly the opposite effect. This is really problematic because we know that having quality social relationships is one of the best predictors of happiness, health and well-being. So for many of us we should rethink these decisions that we might make in terms of pursuing material possessions versus life experiences, he said. Trying to have a happier life by the acquisition of material possessions is probably not a very wise decision. CU-Boulder marketing Professor Margaret Campbell and Cornell University Professor Thomas Gilovich were co-authors on the study. Past studies have found that people who are   materialistic tend to have lower quality social relationships. They also have fewer and less satisfying friendships. In the recent study, Van Boven and his colleagues conducted five experiments with undergraduate students and through a national survey. They sought to find out if people had unfavorable stereotypes of materialistic people and to see if these stereotypes led them to like the materialistic people less than those who pursued life experiences. In one experiment undergraduates who didnt know each other were randomly paired up and assigned to discuss either a material possession or a life experience they had purchased and were happy with. After talking for 15 or 20 minutes they were then asked about their conversation partners by the researchers. What we found was that people who had discussed their material possessions liked their conversation partner less than those who had discussed an experience they had purchased, Van Boven said. They also were less interested in forming a friendship with them, so theres a real social cost to being associated with material possessions rather than life experiences. In another experiment using a national survey, the researchers told people about someone who had purchased a material item such as a new shirt or a life experience like a concert ticket. They then asked them a number of questions about that person. They found that simply learning that someone made a material purchase caused them to like him or her less than learning that someone made an experiential purchase. We have pretty negative stereotypes of people who are materialistic, Van Boven said. When we asked people to think of someone who is materialistic and describe their personality traits, selfish and self-centered come up pretty frequently. However, when we asked people to describe someone who is more experiential in nature, things like altruistic, friendly and outgoing come up much more frequently. So what do you do if youre somebody who really likes to buy lots of material possessions? The short answer is you should try to change, Van Boven said. Not just our research, but a lot of other research has found that people who are materialistic incur many mental health costs and social costs theyre less happy and more prone to depression. Van Boven says one thing you can do is choose to be around people who are less interested in material goods. Its not a quick fix, but it can be done, he said. I think what makes it particularly challenging is that it requires some extra effort and mindfulness about the way we make decisions about how to be happy in life. Stress Management

Comparing Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman and The Chr

Comparing Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman and The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck Talents and dreams, hopes and desires, shunned by the husbands and times of the women in The Chrysanthemums and The Yellow Wallpaper. The wife, Elisa, in the Chrysanthemums, reflects an internal struggle to find her place in a world of definite gender roles. The Yellow Wallpaper traces the treatment of a woman who descends from depression to madness in the male-imposed psychiatric confinement of her room. The mirror-like situations that hinder the protagonists in both stories call the women to conduct themselves in demeanors drastically different from one another. Elisa Allen of the Chrysanthemums and the narrator of the Yellow Wallpaper both have husbands who fancy the idea of knowing what their wives want and need. On the way to dinner, Elisa asks her husband about the fights and his immediate reply is, ?We can go if you want, but I dont think you would like them much.? He cannot fathom the idea that she may actually enjoy this non-feminie event. The narrators husband also assumes that he kno... ...Their husbands, the fence, and the wallpaper, are all constraints that must be depleted. Their strive for happiness and zest for a life far more exciting than the present is what gives the narrator and Ellisa Allen an AWAKENING to which they must react. Works Cited: Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Feminist Press, 1973. Steinbeck, John. ?The Chrysanthemums.? Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. 2nd Compact ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. 359-366.

Hotel System

AMA COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER BSIT & BSCS DEPARTMENT In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the course Introduction to Software Submitted by: Kim John A. Hidalgo Jairus S. Echevarre Nikki Hanna P. Palanog Submitted to: Karen Kate Seronay Date: February 7, 2013 Chapter 1 Introduction A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-termbasis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting onlyof a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suitebathrooms and air conditioning or climate control.Today, most of the Hotels provide goods and services using computersystem. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies are become fully automated while others strive for thesimilar setting. Computer programmers develop things like computer system that the rest of us could use. The computer programmers tell the users what todo. They ma ke programs that users can easily used or understand. The advent of new technology gave rise to easy and hassle free interaction between and among humans.Whether it is in business, science or what ever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are enhanced with automation at the core of this efficient Today, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy. â€Å"Hotel Reservation System† is a transaction processing system. In this system there are more advantages rather than a manual Hotel Reservation. 1. 1 Background of the Study The proponents want to know the reasons of hotel in using manual reservation.The proponents conduct a study towards the topic because they notice some of the hotel still use manual reservation. The study will emphasize the effects of using manual reservation and how a computerized reservation will be substituted. Therefore, theproponents purported to find out how to inc rease the number of customerusing computerized reservation Interaction and individual stimulation have always been linked tothe technological availability of the time and place. With the transition toan information-based society, computers and transactions have evolvedfrom manual transaction.One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel isfacing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter,monitor and store and secured the records of the customers. Hotel Reservation system is a transaction processing system that solves the problem encountered during the manual Hotel Reservation. The computerized Hotel Reservation System aims to simplify the manual Hotel Reservation fastest and accurate. Database is shared thru World Wide Web (WWW).The proponents make use of some tools andtechniques to build the project. The system uses Graphical User Interface(GUI) to help the user give instruction to the computer. The system once implemented it will solve the mos t common problems that the Hotel Reservation encounter. 1. 2 Target Client Dotties Place Hotel is a place for relaxation and fun. Rooms with overlooking the swimming pool and view of the hotel. Dotties Place Hotel is located at J. C Aquino Ave. Butuan City 8600, Philippines. 1. 3 Statement of the ProblemA number of travelers choose to book online nowadays for the reason that it is comfortable and convenient. The level of convenience is simply unmatched because booking is just a click away. The advantages that come along with online booking cannot be ignored. This study will aid those hotels which are still using the manual way of hotel reservation and will facilitate travelers in booking in a hotel. It would also promote the hotel in a wider geographical range that is to advertise the hotel to acquire a competitive advantage over the other.Not all hotels are implementing an online reservation system which is the reason why some problems arise and that convenience is not achieved by the management and by the travelers. Through series of interviews, the researchers found the following problems: * Important personal information of the guest are misspelled; * Possible loss of important guests’ records who already made a reservation for a particular date; * Inconvenient for the guest to reserve a room & Delayed report generation. 1. 4 Objective of the StudyThe main purpose of the study is to develop a generic online hotel reservation system to allow guests to reserve a room through the Internet. The development of this study specifically aims to: * Provide the exact information of the guest; * Provide a centralized record for the proper management of the information of the guest; * Provide convenience for the guest to make a reservation, show the availability of the room and give suggestions on the available rooms for the guest; and * Generate generic reports to inform the management about the reservation. . 5 Significance of the Study This study is basicall y useful for the hotel management in the reservation in a way that it provides convenience both to the guest and the front desk officer. This study will be significant in the hotel owner as well as to hotel staff to gain more profit since it is online, the geographical reach will be widen thus making sales growth increased from time to time. Costumer convenience will also be emphasized because they can make any transaction anytime, anywhere. 1. 6. 0 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONThe scope of the study is that the researchers will give a proper webiste that can be easily to use. Using computerized system that enables bussinesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction especially in a hotel reservation finding available rooms, the system tells you that this room is unavailable, deleting records, adding records, and to search records. This study is limited to other functions like printing the records. This study cannot have it’s own domain, due to lack of funds though this research is intended for educational purpose only. . 6. 1 Include The study focused mainly on the development of a generic online hotel reservation system. This allows the guest to inquire on the availability of every room in the hotel. The system is capable of registering the guest and a Captcha will also be provided to protect the system from web spiders. The system will accept online payment for hotels that require down payment through scanning and uploading of the bank receipt. Some hotels do not require down payment and the payment will be upon the arrival of the guest 1. 6. 2 ExlcludeThe system is limited to some areas wherein there will be two forms that the guest will fill-up. First will be the Guest Registration Form containing the guest name, address, age, gender, status   and the other one is the Guest Room Inquiry and Reservation Form which contains the availability of the room, arrival date, check-in date. 1. 6. 3 Dependency The syste m runs in a client-server environment. The hotel serves as the server-side and the guest is the client. The server is responsible for the confirmation and in specifying the grace period of the reservation.The system will automatically cancel the reservation if the guest exceeds in the grace period provided. Chapter 3 Software Analysis and Design 3. 2. 0 Model System Planning Water Fall Model Systems Analysis Systems Design Systems Development System Testing System Implementation Systems planning Systems planning phase is where the project initiation and requirements gathering takes place. In this phase, the researchers performed brainstorming. It helped a lot in the data gathering of the researchers in order to list the requirements needed by the system as to its development.Systems analysis Systems analysis is the dissection of a system into its component pieces to study how those component pieces interact and work. Appropriate data were gathered by the researchers and were used fo r the systems requirement specification. The specified existing problems were given adequate solutions. Through series of interviews, the researchers have analyzed the given data to come up with concrete information and to specify the existing problems sequentially. Systems designSystems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified system requirements. In this phase also, the researchers used the gathered data in order to accomplish the logical design of the proposed system. System Development In the development of the system, the researchers considered the detailed users’ requirements to meet the desired requirements. These requirements are the guidelines in creating the reliable and better system.In this phase, the researchers also select the programming language to be used in the development of the system. The main task of the researchers in this phase is to generate the code of the system. System Testing In this phase, the system is tested against its performance and based on the requirements specified in the earlier phase using two different ways. First was the Alpha Testing wherein the developers/researchers checked the system if it is capable of running in different operating systems.The researchers entered invalid inputs into the system to test if the system can handle such errors and give possible response. Second was the Beta testing, to test if the system is capable in making reservation through the internet. And the management can evaluate the developed system if it is user-friendly and if it meets the necessary requirements in the reservation process. System Implementation In this phase, the final product is the fully featured system with full functionality is then implemented. 3. 2. 1 Use Case Diagram New Entry for Check in Update Check InPerform Checkout View Room Status Search Customer Information Staff Customer 3. 2. 2 Activity Diagram Stop User name and password do not match Start Log-inNO Staff Yes Check Availability Fill Check In Form Check In Update Reservation Checkout User name and password do not match Log-in Start Stop Adminn NO Yes Add room info Add room type info Change hotel profile Set room price Set floor info Generate Reports 3. 2. 3 Class DiagramCustomerCid : Integer Fname :Varchar Mname :Varchar Lname :Varchar Gender : Integer Contact No. : Integer Emailadd: Varchar(50) checkinDate: DateTime Stay : Integer Checkoutdate:DateTime Prepaid : Integer Room Info RoomId: Integer Room No. : Integer Roomava: Integer Floor: Varchar RoomType RoomType ID : Integer RoomType: Varchar Room No: integer Login Usrname: Varchar (50) Password: Varchar(50) Permission: varchar(50) Hotel Profile Name: Varchar Address: Vharchar Email: Varchar Contact No. : Integer AddHotelProfile() UpdaeHotelProfile()

A Study of Lyme Disease in New Jersey essays

A Study of Lyme Disease in New Jersey essays Just by living in the world, human beings are susceptible to disease. Many diseases for example, influenza and tuberculosis are spread when bacteria or viruses pass from one person to another. Other diseases are acquired genetically from ones parents, such as cystic fibrosis. Some diseases, such as heart disease and osteoporosis, develop as humans age. Others humans get from the environment; examples are lead poisoning and skin cancer due to exposure to the sun. Finally, there are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Lyme disease is one such disease. Cases of Lyme disease, which is transmitted to humans and pets by the bite of a tick, are steadily increasing in areas such as the Northeast region of the United States. At present, there is no vaccine for humans; the best way to prevent Lyme disease is to take precautions against being bitten by a tick and allowing the tick to remain attached to the skin long enough for the infection to be transmitted. The story of Lyme disease in the United States began in 1975, when two mothers, Polly Murray and Judith Mensch, alarmed by the great number of cases of joint inflammation in the their communities of Lyme and Ease Haddam, Connecticut, contacted public health authorities (7:5). The health department contacted Allen Steere and his colleagues at Yale University, in New Haven. Steere believed the outbreak may provide a clue about the infectious agent or environmental toxin that was responsible for arthritis (2:26). One early observation made by Steere was an association between the arthritis and a prior skin rash. A connection was then made between this rash and a similar one called erythema migrans, which comes from the bite of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus and is frequently found in northern Europe (7:5). After field studies and patient surveys were carried out the researchers released three essential findings which later led to the discovery...

Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting The WritePass Journal

Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting Introduction Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting IntroductionFinancial AccountingManagement AccountingManagement accounting has the following concepts:BibliographyRelated Introduction In this essay I will be talking about the differences and similarities between financial and management accounting and how they are used to communicate a business’s financial information to shareholders and managers. In business there are various areas marketing, economics, accounting and finance among these accounting is one of the most difficult ones as it requires you to analyse and report a business’s financial transactions thought periods of time. Accounting divides into various areas but the areas I will mainly be looking at are financial and management accounting. Financial Accounting Financial accounting is about with the preparation of financial statements for the use of the stockholders, suppliers, banks, employees, government agencies and the owners of the business enterprise. It is intended to aid in the reduction of problems that may arise in the day to day transactions of the business. It publishes an annual report that summarizes an organizations financial data that are taken from their records. It is governed by local and international accounting standards. Its main purpose is to produce financial statements, provide information that can be used in the decision making and planning and to help an organization meet regulatory requirements. It is a legal requirement of all publicly traded organization. Management Accounting Management accounting is concerned in providing basis for decision making and use of information by managers within an organization. It helps identify, measure, accumulate, analyze and interpret information to be used in planning, evaluation and control to ensure the proper use of organizations resources. It also provides financial reports to shareholders, creditors, regulatory agencies and tax agencies. Management accounting involves sales forecasting reports, budget and comparative analysis, feasibility studies and merger or consolidation reports. It is intended to provide information that is more a forecast than a background, to managers within the organization, is confidential and is computed by using information systems rather than general financial accounting standards. It is used in strategic, performance and risk management. Management accounting has the following concepts: . Cost accounting which is a central element is managerial accounting. (GPK) which a German costing method that gives ways on how to calculate costs that are assigned to a product or service. . Lean accounting is used for a lean enterprise. . (RCA) gives managers the information required to support an organizations growth. . Throughput accounting which recognizes modern production processes   need for each other. . Transfer pricing which is used in manufacturing and banking. 1. Financial accounting is legally required from an organization, while management accounting is not. 2. Financial accounting must be reviewed by a separate accounting firm, while management accounting is not required of this. 3. Financial accounting is concerned about how the financial resources of the organization will affect its performance, while management accounting is concerned in how the reports will affect the behaviour and performance of its employees. 4. Financial accounting is governed by both local and international accounting standards, while management accounting is not. 5. Financial accounting is historical in nature, that is, the reports are based on an organizations previous performance and dealings, while management accounting is a forecast Bibliography Read more: Difference Between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting | Difference Between | Financial Accounting vs Management Accounting differencebetween.net/business/accounting-business/difference-between-financial-accounting-and-management-accounting/#ixz

Skin allergy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skin allergy - Research Paper Example Urticaria or hives is an itchy rash, due to hypersensitive reaction by the skin (Linscott, Emedicine). The condition may be acute or chronic and there are several variants to this condition. Itching can occur without any rash and may be due to some disease related to that part of the skin. Even some medications can cause itching. As far as atopic dermatitis is concerned, the cause is actually unknown. However, several researchers have attributed genetic and environmental mechanisms to the development of atopic dermatitis. Factors which contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis are infection, poor hygiene, extremes of climate, food antigens and aeroallergens (Kraffchik, Emedicine). Several chemicals sensitize the skin and cause allergic contact dermatitis. Some of the important chemicals are poison ivy, Nickel, rubber gloves, p-phenylenediamine, dyes, formaldehyde, wash and wear chemicals and preservatives (Hogan, Emedicine). In urticaria, the cause is unknown most of the times. However, ingections, foods, stress, drugs, exposure to certain temperatures and climates and exposure to latex can trigger the development of the condition (Linscott Emedicine). In atopic dermatitis, the pathophysiology is poorly understood. However, it has been thought that sensitization of IgE and epithelial barrier disturbance secondary to some kind of immune dysfunction is the cause for the allergic rashes. Another important defect attributed to this condition is defective epithelial cells contributing to defective barrier mechanism (Kraffchik, Emedicine). The main immune disturbance is imbalance in the T-lymphocytes with TH2 cells dominating the system and causing release of cytokines like granulocyte macrophage stimulating factor and interleukins 4,5, 12 and 13. All these amount to an increase in IgE levels and fall in interferon gamma levels. In those with chronic

Is It Ever Ok to Lie, Steals or Break One's Promises Essay

Is It Ever Ok to Lie, Steals or Break One's Promises - Essay Example Kantian ethics is in concordance with the deontological moral theory. Deontological theories propose that whether an action is right or wrong is not determined by the consequences of the action, but rather on whether the action is a fulfillment of one’s duty. There are two questions that guide Kantian ethics one is whether one can propose that everyone acts as he or she has acted and whether one’s actions respect the goals of human beings apart from serving personal interests. Agreement with both questionsis interpreted as moral correctness according toKantian ethics (Rachaels & Rachaels, 2011). According to Kant, the categorical imperative is the principle that determines the morality of an action. A categorical imperative refers to an unconditional command. The categorical imperative that one cannot lie, steal, or break a promise means that one cannot do any of these things if they serve personal interests. Kant uses categorical imperatives as the guiding principles because they are commands that one cannot opt out of or claim that they do not apply to them. Kant proposes that the first formula of universal law is that one should only act on that maxim of which he or she would will that it becomes a universal law(Rachaels & Rachaels, 2011). According to Kant, it is not permissible to lie, steal, or break a promise because these acts fail to fulfill the first formula, of universal law since this would be self-defeating. Since these acts are only beneficial to the individual when they are made an exception to the individual,then they cannot be made universal laws (Rachaels & Rachaels, 2011). If breaking of promises were made a universal law, then no one would make promises anymore since it would be common knowledge that promises do not mean anything. Since one benefits from breaking promises which would no longer be made, then it means that breaking a promise is wrong. Kantian ethics differs from utilitarianism in